我们经常能在新闻中看到这样的事情，比如国外发生暴乱、发恐怖袭击等，让大家感觉国外好不安全的样子，还是国内能给大家安全感。但这似乎并未影响大家出国留学的热情，现在很多大学生就业求职的时候，在简历上都能看到留学经历，留学已经不是什么新鲜事了。很多家长就算砸锅卖铁也想供孩子出国读书，而学生们更是一个个前赴后继地去往国外，机场留学生队伍更是排得老长。在美版知乎Quora上，美国网友提问道：如果中国已经如此伟大了，为什么那些有钱的人会把孩子送到西方学习？我们看看各国网友的回答。
问题
密歇根大学罗比?陶的回答
First, the premise is wrong:
首先，前提是错误的：
Most Chinese people never think China is "great", and we don't care whether it is great. The Chinese are very pragmatic. What we care about is whether our actual living standard meets our expectations, and whether this expectation meets our own wealth level.
大多数中国人从不认为中国“伟大”，我们也不在乎它是否伟大。中国人非常务实。我们所关心的是我们的实际生活水平是否符合我们的期望，以及这种期望是否符合我们自己的财富水平。
This means that when China was still a developing country, the rich were willing to go to the developed countries to enjoy a better material life.
这意味着，当中国还是一个发展中国家时，富人愿意去发达国家享受更好的物质生活。
This is not unique to China. All developing countries are in a similar situation. In other words, capital never sleeps.
这不是中国独有的情况，所有发展中国家都处于类似的情况，换句话说，资本永不眠。
But does China need to feel "worried" about this? Many people may be worried about this. But I don't care. Because the rich never create wealth alone. They create wealth through more active economic activities than ordinary people. These economic activities are mainly carried out in China. By doing so, they provide employment opportunities and taxes. These rich people need to fulfill relevant tax obligations for the country. After fulfilling their tax obligations under the law, they can freely dispose of their surplus wealth as they think fit. If the country really needs them to "leave" more wealth, they can regulate it through tax rates.
但中国是否需要对此感到“担忧”？许多人可能对此感到担忧。但我个人并不在乎。因为富人从不独自创造财富。他们通过比普通人更积极的经济活动创造财富。这些经济活动主要在中国进行。通过这样做，他们提供了就业机会和税收。这些富人需要为国家履行相关纳税义务。在履行了法律规定的纳税义务后，他们可以自由处置他们认为合适的剩余财富。如果国家确实需要他们“留下”更多的财富，他们可以通过税率来调控。
Second, educational resources:
第二，教育资源：
I need to emphasize again that China is a developing country. This means that our educational resources are generally inferior to those of developed countries. The distribution of educational resources is also quite uneven. If wealth allows, sending your children to western countries is still an option, which will give you greater opportunities to obtain high-quality education resources.
我需要再次强调，中国是一个发展中国家。这意味着我们的教育资源总体上不如发达国家。教育资源的分配也相当不均衡。如果财富允许，把你的孩子送到西方国家仍然是一种选择，这将给你更大的机会获得优质教育资源。
Of course, there are more "details" to pay attention to...
当然，这里还有更多“细节”需要注意。。。
China's basic education system originated from the "elite education system" of the Soviet Union. This system is essentially to cultivate the future "elite" of the country. By default, every child has the "potential" to become the future "successor". Therefore, it sets a fairly high standard. Then, it tries to filter out the "elite" layer by layer through such high standards. This actually creates a highly competitive environment. In such a system, children with mediocre qualifications will struggle and easily become frustrated.
中国的基础教育体系源自苏联式的“精英教育体系”。这一制度本质上是为了培养国家未来的“精英”，默认情况下，每个孩子都有成为未来“接班人”的“潜力”。因此，它设定了相当高的标准。然后，它试图通过如此高的标准，逐层过滤掉“精英”。这实际上创造了一个高度竞争的环境。在这样的系统中，资质平庸的孩子会挣扎，很容易变得沮丧。
There are two other situations. If the children of rich families are qualified enough, they are usually more willing to let them receive basic education in China. With the resources they invested, the result is usually better than the "elite education" in the West, which aims to cultivate the so-called "noble temperament". If the children of rich families are unqualified, it is better to send them to western countries for less "strict" education, so as to have a more "happy" childhood. As far as Gu Ailing is concerned, she obviously belongs to the category of "qualified". Her basic education is basically completed through the first-class and expensive remedial classes in Beijing. According to Gu's mother, two months of study in Beijing is usually equivalent to one year of study in a private school in the United States...
这里还有两种情况。如果富裕家庭的孩子足够合格，他们通常更愿意让他们在中国接受基础教育。凭借他们投入的资源，结果通常比西方的“精英教育”要好，后者旨在培养所谓的“贵族气质”。如果富裕家庭的孩子不合格，最好把他们送到西方国家接受不那么“严格”的教育，以便有一个更“快乐”的童年。就谷爱凌而言，她显然属于“合格”的一类，她的基础教育基本上是通过北京一流和昂贵的补习班完成的。据顾的母亲说，在北京学习两个月通常相当于在美国私立学校学习一年。。。
Then there is higher education. The problem with China is that we have not been industrializing long enough and have not accumulated enough. Modern China has been lagging behind in science and technology. Therefore, there are still few top universities in China, which is far from the most advanced academic circles in the world. In this regard, English-speaking countries still have an absolute advantage. So for the rich, money is not a problem, they only want the "best". Of course, English-speaking countries are more common choices.
然后是高等教育。中国的问题是，我们工业化的时间不够长，积累也不够。现代中国在科学技术方面一直落后。因此，中国仍然没有几所顶尖大学，与世界上最尖端的学术界相距甚远。在这方面，英语国家仍然占据绝对优势。所以对于富人来说，钱不是问题，他们只想要“最好的”。当然，英语国家是更常见的选择。
Third, stratum stability:
第三，阶层稳定性：
For the rich, class stability is almost always their top concern. In theory, China is still a socialist country. This means that when we make laws, we pay more attention to class mobility than stability.
对于富人来说，阶层稳定几乎总是他们最关心的问题。理论上，中国仍然是一个社会主义国家。这意味着当我们制定法律时，我们更多地考虑阶级流动性而不是稳定性。
In education, China is generally "fair". The rich have some advantages, but not much. In any case, examinations are crucial for China to obtain better educational resources. The rich can make their children better pass the exam by cramming, but they can't avoid the exam. This simple and low-cost game rule is actually a "restriction" on the children of the rich.
在教育方面，中国总体上是“公平”的。富人有一些优势，但不是很大。无论如何，考试对中国获得更好的教育资源至关重要。富人可以让他们的孩子通过补习更好地通过考试，但他们无法避免考试。这种单一且低成本的游戏规则实际上是对富人子女的“限制”。
In the West, examinations are only a small part of the equation. The rich can get the education they want through donations, alumni relations, political and business contacts, and by allowing their children to participate in more social activities. In China, none of these approaches will work. The son of a rich businessman needs to take the same exam as the son of a farmer. This exam only needs paper and pen to complete. There are no more "shortcuts" to take. Of course, I'm not saying that under any circumstances, rich businessmen will call the university president to let their children enroll. But this is indeed illegal. If the rich businessman does this, it may be one of the reasons why he will be sent to prison in the future. He clearly needs to take risks for this.
在西方，考试只是等式的一小部分，富人可以通过捐款、校友关系、政治和商业联系，以及让他们的孩子参与更多的社会活动，获得他们想要的教育。在中国，这些途径都行不通。富商的儿子需要和农民的儿子参加同样的考试，这项考试只需要纸和笔就可以完成。没有更多的“捷径”可走。当然，我并不是说，在任何情况下，富商都会给大学校长打电话，让孩子入学。但这确实是非法的。如果富商这样做，这可能是他将来被送进监狱的原因之一。他显然需要为此承担风险。
Not only education, but all aspects of Chinese society have similar characteristics. If you want to go to college, you must pass the exam and select from all levels. If you want to enter politics, you must pass the exam and be selected at all levels.
不仅是教育，中国社会的各个方面都有相似的特点。如果你想上大学，你必须通过考试和层层选拔。如果你想从政，你必须通过考试，并在各个级别被选中。
That is to say, maintaining intergenerational stability in China is a high-cost thing and requires a lot of good luck. The rich do have advantages, but the competitive pressure from the new elites emerging from the huge civilian class is still too great.
也就是说，在中国保持代际阶层稳定是一件高成本的事情，需要大量的好运。富人确实有优势，但来自不断从庞大的平民阶层中涌现出来的新精英的竞争压力仍然太大。
Many factors have prompted the rich Chinese to send their children abroad, mainly in western countries. The rich can use various "legal tools" and "rules of the game". On the surface, the tax rate is higher, but in fact, if you find a good enough lawyer, the richer you are, the less tax you actually pay. Through the complex operation of trusts and charitable organizations, high estate taxes can also be avoided.
多种因素促使中国富人把孩子送到国外，主要是西方国家。富人可以使用各种各样的“法律工具”和“游戏规则”。表面上看，税率更高，但事实上，如果你找到一个足够好的律师，你越富有，实际缴纳的税款就越少。通过信托和慈善组织的复杂运作，也可以避免高额遗产税。
In western countries, the rich can become real "aristocrats". This is what China is trying to avoid.
在西方国家，富人可以成为真正的“贵族”。这是中国试图避免的情况。
This brings an interesting phenomenon. If you compare the immigrants from China and India with those from western countries, it is clear that both are developing countries, but there are certain differences in the choices after immigration. China's rich are relatively more likely to emigrate to the West and stay. This is because their wealth advantage is more obvious in western countries. China's middle class is more likely to return to China after receiving higher education in the West. This is because they usually regard western education as an advantage in domestic competition, and returning home can bring more opportunities.
这带来了一个有趣的现象。如果你将中国和印度的移民与西方国家进行比较，两者显然都是发展中国家，但移民后的选择存在一定差异。中国的富豪相对而言更有可能移民到西方并留下来。这是因为他们的财富优势在西方国家更加明显。中国的中产阶级在西方接受高等教育后更有可能回国。这是因为他们通常将西方教育视为在国内竞争的优势，回国可以带来更多机会。
Indians understand the opposite. Their upper class tends to return to China because they can usually "inherit family business" and maintain their long-term ruling class status through educational advantages. Their middle-class counterparts tend to stay in the West because they know that even if they come back, there is almost no way to move up. The Western environment seems more "fair" to them.
印度人的理解完全相反。他们的上层阶级倾向于回国，因为他们通常可以“继承家族企业”，并通过教育优势保持其长期的统治阶级身份。他们的中产阶级同行倾向于留在西方，因为他们知道，即使他们回来，也几乎没有向上流动的途径。西方的环境对他们来说似乎更“公平”。
海外网友斯图尔特?摩根的回答
For thousands of years, education has been the top priority in Chinese culture. All families, rich or poor, will try their best to send their children to the best schools in order to pass the entrance examinations of the best universities such as Tsinghua University and Peking University. Every step of the competition is so fierce that students must work very hard and still cannot enter the best schools. The West is considered the most advanced university. Sending children to the West for college education is a choice for the rich in China. After the reform and opening up, students learn English at school, so English-speaking countries are the first choice.
几千年来，教育是中国文化中的头等大事。所有的家庭，无论贫富，都会尽力把孩子送到最好的学校，以便通过清华和北大等最好的大学的入学考试。每一步的竞争都是如此激烈，以至于学生们必须非常努力地学习，仍然无法进入最好的学校。西方被认为是最先进的大学。把孩子送到西方接受大学教育是中国富人的一个选择。改革开放后，学生在学校学习英语，因此英语国家是首选。
China has made positive contributions to the world in terms of economy and infrastructure, helping developing countries build, not destroy and war. China is sharing anti-poverty experiences with developing countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America, Eastern Europe and Central Europe. The "the Belt and Road" initiative involves more than 140 UN Member States.
中国在经济、基础设施方面为世界做出了积极贡献，帮助发展中国家建设，而不是破坏和战争。中国正在与亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲、东欧和中欧的发展中国家分享反贫困经验。“一带一路”倡议涉及140多个联合国成员国。
In this sense, China is the world leader in helping developing countries. Even Western Europe has benefited from railway freight from China to Rotterdam and Madrid. Germany is the country with the largest sales of cars in China, as are GM, Ford. Boeing sells the most aircraft in China, and other multinational companies are also making profits. China is an economic engine and a manufacturing center. In the past 40 years, it has maintained low inflation at low prices.
从这个意义上讲，中国是帮助发展中国家的世界领导者。甚至西欧也从中国到鹿特丹和马德里的铁路货运中受益。德国是中国汽车销量最多的国家，通用、福特……也是如此。波音在中国销售的飞机最多，其他跨国公司也在盈利。中国是一个经济引擎，也是一个制造业中心，在过去40年里，它以低廉的价格保持低通胀。
The United States is undoubtedly the world leader in military power, technology, economy, finance and many other fields. However, it is necessary to have another leader to help solve the world's problems - climate change, poverty, hunger, disease, natural disasters, inflation, recession... We have enough problems to be solved by the world. China is also a big country with 4.5 times the population of the United States, which helps to make the world a better place. As long as we remember that we are brothers all over the world!
美国在军事力量、技术、经济、金融和许多其他领域无疑是世界领先者。但是，有另一位领导者来帮助解决世界问题是必需的——气候变化、贫困、饥饿、疾病、自然灾害、通货膨胀、衰退…我们有足够多的问题需要全世界共同努力解决。中国也是一个拥有4.5倍美国人口的大国，有助于让世界变得更美好。只要我们记得我们——四海之内皆兄弟！
中国网友欧凯烈的回答
China has a long history and family structure, which is why it basically provides continuity and order for the transmission of civilization.
中国有着悠久的历史和家庭结构，正是如此，基本上，它为文明的传递提供了连续性和有序性。
The foundation of Chinese education is structured, rooted in memory, and repeated efforts to comply with and instill, but again, it is structured, needs consistency, and needs to comply with principles.
中国教育的基础是结构化的、根记忆、反复努力的遵从和灌输，但同样，它是结构化的，需要一致性，需要遵守原则。
Although many people will feel speechless about this, the basic reason why wealthy Chinese send their children to western schools is to provide them with one thing they cannot give in China, namely personality and free thinking. Many key Chinese scientists are educated in the West. However, integration and structure are necessary. Personality and free thinking let them see things outside their life circle.
虽然很多人会对此感到无语，但富裕的中国人将孩子送到西方学校的基本原因是为了提供他们在中国无法给予的一件东西，即个性和自由思考。许多关键的中国科学家都是受过西方教育的，然而，整合和结构是必需的。个性和自由思考让他们看到自己生活圈子之外的东西。
Similarly, the Chinese-style national hero in sports competitions is the best example. They were selected from local sports associations all over China. The best athletes are selected from their families and trained strictly in regional sports facilities. A few years later, the best student union will be selected again, and the athletes selected from the region will be sent to the national sports center to select the next world-class Olympic athletes.
同样，体育比赛中的中国式的民族英雄就是最好的例子。他们是从遍布中国各地的地方体育协会中挑选出来的。最好的运动员被挑选出来，并从他们的家庭中抽调出来，在地区性的体育设施进行严格的训练。几年后，最好的学生会再次被选中，从该地区选出的运动员将被送往国家体育中心，从中选出下一届世界级奥运会运动员。
The college entrance examination is the gateway to a national high-quality university. Failure to achieve high scores will hinder students' academic progress and life change.
高考是进入国家优质大学的大门。未能取得高分会阻碍学生的学业进步和生活改变。
中国网友Leo Wang的回答
1. China has never said that it would become a superpower, and the Chinese people have not been foolish enough to take the initiative to play such a thankless role. It is absurd for the self-confident Americans to project their desire and claim that China wants to become a world leader.
1.中国从未说过要成为超级大国，中国人还没有傻到主动担当这样费力不讨好的角色。不自信的美国人投射自己的欲望，宣称中国希望成为世界领导者，这是荒谬的。
2. Chinese students like British boarding schools. They work as much in Anglo boarding schools, but spend less time studying and more time on sports, arts and other extracurricular activities. Chinese parents especially like the balance provided by Anglo boarding schools for their children. English is the lingua franca of the world. Therefore, Chinese people hope their children can speak English fluently.
2.中国学生喜欢英国寄宿学校。他们在盎格鲁寄宿制学校的工作同样多，但学习的时间更少，更多的时间花在体育、艺术和其他课外活动上。中国家长尤其喜欢盎格鲁寄宿学校为孩子提供的平衡。英语是世界通用语。因此，中国人希望他们的孩子能流利地说英语。
4. I'm not sure whether this situation still exists, but the doctoral degree of British universities is more valuable because you have to carry out original research to graduate. Chinese universities are too conservative (ancestor worship), and their research confirms what some famous scholars have said.
4.不确定这种情况是否仍然存在，但英国大学的博士学位价值更高，因为你必须进行原创研究才能毕业。中国大学过于保守（祖先崇拜），他们的研究证实了一些著名学者曾经说过的话。
5. Silicon Valley is still a place of innovation. You need to prove that you have worked there for five years to obtain funds for Chinese startups.
5.硅谷仍然是创新之地。你需要证明在那里工作了五年，才能为中国的初创企业获得资金。
6. It's good to get out of your comfort zone, which can help you build a better personality.
6.走出你的舒适区很好，可以帮助你建立更完善的人格。
7. The military strategist Sun Tzu told the Chinese people to learn from their opponents. The lessons of a hundred years ago impressed them deeply.
7.军事家孙子告诉中国人要向对手学习，一百年前的教训让他们记忆深刻。
Chinese people are good at learning from history. The Ming Dynasty thought they were great, and when they went out to see the world, they still thought they were great. Later, they decided to stay at home because there was nothing worth learning outside. China's Qing Dynasty did the same.
中国人擅长从历史中学习。明朝认为他们很棒，走出去看世界，依旧觉得他们自己很棒。后来他们决定待在家里，因为外面没有值得学习的东西。中国的清朝也这样做。
Then came the industrial movement. Western powers began to get involved in China. Then the official plan was to send 1000 overseas students to collect learning knowledge around the world to see how the rest of the world works and how to apply it to China.
然后就是工业运动，西方列强开始染指中国，然后官方计划派遣1000名留学生到世界各地收集学习知识，看看世界其他地区是如何工作的，以及如何将其应用于中国。
When you think you are great and have nothing to learn from outside, you are in big trouble. It is easy to repeat the mistakes made before.
当你觉得自己很了不起，没有什么可以从外面学习的时候，你就陷入了大麻烦。很容易再重复以前犯过的错误。
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